{"id":2455,"date":"2022-05-24T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-05-24T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/clorofreela.com.br\/portfolio\/proj\/mastitis\/"},"modified":"2022-05-24T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2022-05-24T03:00:00","slug":"mastitis","status":"publish","type":"proj","link":"https:\/\/clorofreela.com.br\/portfolio\/proj\/mastitis\/","title":{"rendered":"Mastite bovina"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Neutr\u00f3filos e macr\u00f3fagos em a\u00e7\u00e3o na resposta \u00e0 infec\u00e7\u00e3o bacteriana que provoca mastite.
Figura produzida para artigo de revis\u00e3o em peri\u00f3dico cient\u00edfico.<\/p>\n

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Manuscrito dispon\u00edvel em: doi:\u00a010.3389\/fmicb.2022.928346<\/a><\/p>\n

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Escherichia coli Mastitis in Dairy Cattle: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Challenges – PMC (nih.gov)<\/a><\/p>\n

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The onset of mastitis occurs when MPEC penetrates through the teat canal, multiplies in the teat and gland cisterns, and spreads throughout the milk-producing glandular tissue (A)<\/strong>. The multiplication and lysis of MPEC release LPS from the bacteria\u2019s outer membrane (B)<\/strong>. LPS binds to the LBP, and the LPS-LBP complex binds to the CD-14, which leads the LPS to a TLR-4 on the surface of macrophage (C)<\/strong>. When LPS binds to its respective TLR, an intracellular signaling cascade is activated (NF-\u03ba\u03b2), which induces macrophages and mammary epithelial cells to synthesize pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins (D)<\/strong>. Chemotactic factors, especially IL-8, then recruit neutrophils from the bloodstream that function as phagocytes at the site of infection in the alveoli (E)<\/strong>. The exposure of neutrophils to fat globules and casein leads to loss of cytoplasmic granules (reduced bactericidal activities) and altered morphology (rounding), eliminating pseudopods needed for phagocytosis (F)<\/strong>. During phagocytosis, neutrophils release chemicals that eliminate MPEC but also injure mammary epithelial cells, resulting in a permanent decrease in milk production (F)<\/strong>. To minimize mammary tissue damage, neutrophils undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis) and release chemokines that attract macrophages to the site of infection (Paape et al., 2003<\/a>) (G)<\/strong>. In the last step of the inflammatory reaction, macrophages quickly phagocytose apoptotic neutrophils (efferocytosis), minimizing the release of granular contents that damage the tissue (H)<\/strong>. Interestingly, whereas in the mammary alveolar, dendritic cells are generally non-responsive to MPEC infection.<\/p>\n

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPermitido apenas a reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o das imagens, sem fins comerciais, citando D\u00e9bora Brito Goulart e Carolina Frandsen Pereira da Costa.
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